Chapter 10

Energy Use: Practical Ways to Reduce Waste

Heating and cooling can be a major part of household energy use, especially in a long cooling season. The most useful first steps are often ordinary: keep the filter maintained, seal obvious air leaks, use window coverings to reduce unwanted solar heat, and make sure ducts are in good condition.

A programmable thermostat can reduce unnecessary heating or cooling when the home is unoccupied, provided the schedule suits the equipment and household. Avoid extreme setbacks that make the system struggle to recover or cause discomfort. Heat-pump systems may need specific thermostat settings; follow the equipment instructions.

Ceiling fans can improve comfort by moving air across occupants. Fans cool people, not empty rooms, so switch them off when no one is there. Set fan direction according to the fan manufacturer's instructions and season.

Air sealing and insulation can help reduce heat entering the home. Pay attention to attic insulation, attic access panels, weatherstripping, door sweeps, and gaps around plumbing or wiring penetrations. Do not block required combustion-air openings or ventilation pathways. If you are considering insulation or air sealing, use a qualified contractor familiar with building science and local code.

When comparing replacement equipment, look beyond a single efficiency number. Ask about the complete installed system, sizing, duct compatibility, controls, warranty, and expected operating conditions. Efficiency ratings are useful for comparing products under standardized conditions, but actual bills depend on weather, home construction, thermostat settings, occupancy, and installation quality.